3. . Soil Physical and Chemical Properties

Definition:
Soil physical properties are the characteristics of soil related to its physical composition and structure, which influence water movement, air flow, root growth, and soil strength. These properties include soil texture, structure, color, density, porosity, moisture, and temperature.

Soil Chemical Properties

Definition:
Soil chemical properties refer to the chemical composition and reactions within the soil that affect nutrient availability, soil fertility, and the soil’s capacity to supply essential elements to plants. These properties include soil pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), base saturation, salinity, sodicity, organic matter content, and nutrient content.