1. Soil Formation and Classification

1.1. Soil Formation and Classification

a. Climate: Influences weathering rates and organic matter decomposition.

Organisms: Plants, animals, and microbes affect soil structure and nutrient cycling.

Relief (Topography): Affects drainage, erosion, and deposition.

Parent Material: The mineral or organic material from which soil develops.

Time: Soil formation is a slow process; older soils are more developed